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Gelawdewos ( ''galāwdēwōs'', modern ''gelāwdēwōs'', "Claudius"; 1521/1522 – 23 March 1559) was Emperor (throne name Asnaf Sagad I ( ''aṣnāf sagad'', modern ''āṣnāf seged'', "to whom the horizon bows" or "the remotest regions submit (him )"; September 3, 1540 - March 23, 1559) of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was a younger son of Dawit II by Sabla Wengel.〔Remedius Prutky states that Gelawdewos had a son, Na'od; this son is not mentioned in his ''Royal Chronicle''. J.H. Arrowsmith-Brown, translator and editor, ''Prutky's Travels to Ethiopia and Other Countries'' (London: Hakluyt Society, 1991), p. 112 and note.〕 == Life == His reign was dominated by the struggle with Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi during the Abyssinian-Adal War, until Ahmad's defeat and death in the Battle of Wayna Daga on February 21, 1543. Gelawdewos devoted time and energy to rallying his people against Ahmad, a determination his chronicler credits prevented Ahmad's forcible conversions from being permanent. With Ahmad's death, Gelawdewos was not only able to eject the leaderless Muslim forces from the Ethiopian highlands, but also from the lowlands to the east which included Dawaro and Bale.〔Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1997), pp. 241f.〕 He also turned his attention to the numerous Ethiopians who had crossed over to the Imam's side, either to further themselves or out of self-preservation. While some presented themselves to Gelawdewos expecting to be pardoned only to be executed, to many others he granted his safe-conduct, according to Miguel de Castanhoso, "for there were so many (had joined Imam Ahmad ) that had he ordered all to be killed, he would have remained alone."〔R.S. Whiteway, editor and translator, ''The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1441-1543'', 1902. (Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967), p. 86〕 However, while campaigning against the Agaw in Gojjam (1548), Nur ibn Mujahid once again invaded Ethiopia. Gelawedewos's vassal Fanu'el succeeded in repulsing them, but the Emperor followed up with a further attack into Muslim territory, plundering the countryside for six months. At one point he captured Harar, where Sultan Barakat ibn Umar Din of Adal was killed, the last member of the Walasma dynasty.〔Pankhurst, ''Ethiopian Borderlands'', p. 244.〕 According to a Harari chronicle, Gelawdewos was killed in battle. "Early in the engagement Galawdéwos was hit by a bullet, but continued to fight until surrounded by a score of Harari cavalry, who struck him fatally to the ground with their spears," according to Pankhurst. Emir Nur had the Emperor's head sent to the country of Sa'ad ad-Din, then rode off to plunder Ethiopian territory before returning home.〔Pankhurst, ''Ethiopian Borderlands'', p. 246.〕 The explorer Richard F. Burton tells a slightly different account, adding that Gelawedewos had been supervising the restoration of Debre Werq when he received a message from Emir Nur challenging him to combat. When the Emperor met the Emir, a priest warned that the angel Gabriel had told him Gelawdewos would needlessly risk his life—which caused most of the Ethiopian army to flee.〔Richard Burton, ''First Footsteps in East Africa'' (New York: Praeger, 1966), pp. 183f〕 According to G. W. B. Huntingford, Gelawdewos' body was buried at Tadbaba Maryam and his head, which was brought back to Ethiopia by some traders, was buried in Ensaqya (modern Antsokiya), in the tomb of St. Gelawdewos.〔G.W.B. Huntingford, ''The historical geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'', (Oxford University Press: 1989), p. 135〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gelawdewos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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